4-oxo-2-Nonenal-d3

4-oxo-2-Nonenal-d3 (4-ONE-d3) contains three deuterium atoms at the terminal methyl position. It is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of 4-ONE (Item No. 10185) by GC- or LC-mass spectrometry (MS). 4-ONE is a lipid peroxidation product derived from oxidized ?-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids such as arachidonic acid and linoleic acid.{869,1103} It exhibits various biological activities such as cytotoxicity, growth inhibiting activity, genotoxicity, and chemotactic activity and has been widely used as a marker of lipid peroxidation.{869,1103,1109} 4-ONE is a more recently identified product of lipid peroxidation.{9278,11422,11421} It actively modifies histidine and lysine residues on proteins and causes protein cross-linking.{11420,11419} 4-ONE also modifies 2'-deoxy guanosine, further implicating lipid peroxidation in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis.{869}