4-oxo-2-Nonenal

4-hydroxy Nonenal is a lipid peroxidation product derived from oxidized ?-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids such as arachidonic acid and linoleic acid.{869,1103} It exhibits various biological activities such as cytotoxicity, growth inhibiting activity, genotoxicity, and chemotactic activity and has been widely used as a marker of lipid peroxidation.{869,1103,1109} 4-oxo-2-Nonenal is a more recently identified product of lipid peroxidation.{9278,11422,11421} It actively modifies histidine and lysine residues on proteins and causes protein cross-linking.{11420,11419} 4-oxo-2-Nonenal also modifies 2'-deoxyguanosine, further implicating lipid peroxidation in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis.{9278}