4-hydroxy Nonenal-d3

4-hydroxy Nonenal-d3 (4-HNF-d3) contains three deuterium atoms at the terminal methyl position. It is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of 4-HNE by GC- or LC-mass spectrometry. 4-HNE is a lipid peroxidation product derived from oxidized ?-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids such as arachidonic acid.{869,1103} 4-HNE is widely used as a marker of lipid peroxidation.{1103} It exhibits various biological activities such as cytotoxicity, growth inhibiting activity, genotoxicity, and chemotactic activity.{869,1103,1109} 4-HNE inhibits pro-oxidant-induced Ca2+ release from mitochondria at 10-50 µM.{1103}