Baicalein

Baicalein is a flavonoid originally isolated from the roots of S. baicalensis that has diverse biological activities.{37567} It inhibits human platelet 12-lipoxygenase (12-LO) and human reticulocyte 15-LO-1 (IC50s = 0.64 and 1.6 µM, respectively) but is less potent at 15-LO-1 when the detergent Triton-X is present (IC50 = 38 µM).{37568} Baicalein inhibits lipid peroxidation, as assessed by production of thiobarbituric acid (TBARS; IC50 = 5 µM), and inhibits growth of Huh-7, KIM-1, and HLF human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (IC50s = 17-70 µg/ml).{5688,5627} Baicalein increases intracellular calcium levels by increasing release from the endoplasmic reticulum and via PKC-dependent calcium channels in the plasma membrane, leading to increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS), caspase-9 and -3 activation, and apoptosis in ZR-75-1 human breast cancer cells.{37569} Baicalein increases levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ?/? (PPAR?/?) in BV-2 microglia and primary microglia and decreases the level of 12- and 15-LO products.{37570} It also decreases symptoms of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis, when administered at a dose of 75 mg/kg per day.